Functions Single Row Function ( n -> n ) Multiple Row Function ( n -> 1 ) Case Function Case Manipulation UPPER( ) LOWER( ) INITCAP( ) Character Manipulation LENGTH( ) REVERSE( ) CONCAT( ) SUBSTR( ) INSTR( ) LPAD( ) RPAD( ) LTRIM( ) RTRIM( ) TRIM( ) REPLACE( ) TRANSLATE( ) Number Function ROUND( ) TRUNC( ) MOD( ) POWER( ) CEIL( ) FLOOR( ) ABS( ) SIGN( ) Date Function MONTHS_BETWEEN( ) ADD_MONTHS( ) NEXT_DAY( ) LAST_DAY( ) Type Conversion TO_NUMBER( ) TO_DATE( ) TO_CHAR( ) -- TO_TIMESTAMP( ) General Function / NULL Function NVL( ) NVL2( ) NULLIF( ) COALESCE( ) Multiple Row Function ( n -> 1 ) Group Function / Aggregate Function MIN( ) MAX( ) SUM( ) AVG( ) COUNT( ) GROUP BY & HAVING Clause CASE Expression and DECODE Function